Glossary

The trial court is the court that is assigned to preside over the trial and, in some instances, discovery of a particular case.

The triggering event theory is one of the three theories typically used to determine the number of "occurrences" under an occurrence-based liability policy that looks to the triggering event that caused liability. Under this theory, the specific event that triggers the liability is considered the occurrence, such as an individual claimant's exposure to a hazardous substance. This test often results in multiple occurrences, as a scenario where multiple people are exposed to asbestos will lead to multiple occurrences. The other two tests typically used to determine the number of occurrences are the cause and the effect theories.

Triple excess coverage refers to a provision of coverage included within directors and officers (D&O) liability policies covering an insured director's or officer's work in conjunction with an outside firm, usually a nonprofit organization. When "outside directorship liability" coverage is written on a triple excess basis, the policy will be required to pay claims only after (1) the outside organization's D&O insurer pays the claim, (2) the outside organization is financially unable to reimburse the director or officer for the claim, and (3) the insured organization is unable to reimburse the director or officer for the claim.

A triple option plan is an employer health insurance plan that allows the employee an opportunity to choose between an indemnity, health maintenance organization, or preferred provider organization plan.

Triple trigger theory is one approach in determining the trigger on an occurrence. This approach states that all policies in force from the time of initial exposure through manifestation apply. One court held that injury triggers coverage, including injury occurring with inhalation exposure, while the injurious substance is "in residence" within the injured person and at manifestation of the illness or disease. This theory is also referred to as "exposure and manifestation" and "exposure-in-residence."

Trip lease, for purposes of the International Registration Plan, is a lease of vehicular equipment to a motor carrier (lessee) for a single interjurisdictional movement.

Trip permit for purposes of the International Registration Plan (IRP), is a trip permit issued in lieu of either "full" or "apportioned" registration. Trip permits are not to be used to evade the IRP agreement.

Trip transit insurance is written to cover a specific individual shipment, as distinguished from transit insurance written to cover any and all shipments that may occur during the policy term.

Trojan horse describes a type of malicious software (malware) named after the wooden horse the Greeks used to infiltrate Troy that masquerades as a legitimate computer program such as a game, image file, disk utility, or even an antivirus program. Users are typically tricked into downloading Trojan horses on their systems because they appear in the form of benign, useful software or files from a legitimate source. Once activated, Trojan horses can perform a number of attacks on a computer system that can cause pop-up windows to delete files, steal data, give malicious users access to a system, or activate and spread other malware, such as viruses. Unlike computer viruses and worms, Trojan horses do not reproduce by infecting other files, nor do they self-replicate.

Truckers downtime insurance is a business interruption coverage for motor carriers or truckers. It indemnifies for loss of earnings resulting from inability to operate because of damage to a tractor or trailer from an insured peril, e.g., collision or fire.