Tie-in endorsements state that if an insured's D&O and fiduciary liability policies are written by the same insurer, only one policy limit applies (or the higher of the two limits applies if the limits are different) when a claim arises from essentially the same set of acts or facts. Tie-in endorsements first appeared after Enron's 401(k) plan holders filed lawsuits, alleging almost the identical wrongful acts that were stated in shareholder class action suits against Enron and its directors and officers.