Traversing Your Career Path: Apprentice, Journeyman, or Master

It seemed so simple back then … just keep my head down, do my survey work, and attend specified training classes and within 5 years or less, I'd be promoted to the next title. Repeat this process enough times, and I'd surely be the vice president of the department in practically no time at all.

Of course, reality was a little bit different than the simple career path flow chart. I had to learn both technical details (what chemicals were really problematic, the maximum height of rolled paper storage, what size sprinkler pipes were too small, how an Occupational Safety and Health Administration 300 log must be completed, etc.) and how to conduct my daily tasks with competence (i.e., keeping time sheets updated, tracking company car mileage, reconciling expense accounts with receipts, learning how to address agents and business owners in an authoritative way without sounding aggressive or condescending, following up on previously issued recommendations, and more.)

As a trainee, I watched and learned how others conducted their day-to-day consultations and learned from quality reviews how to better structure my reports. I would confess to my manager that I could sense that some of the professionals that I was shadowing had good habits and not-so-good habits, and my boss was gracious enough to help me adopt the good habits without picking up too many of the bad ones. Similarly, my ability to capture the "right" details and report on them to illuminate an underwriter's accurate perception of the risk grew as I overcame mistakes that seemed to be pointed out in a merciless fashion. Sometimes the feedback was very harsh and made me angry (feeling I had been subject to a personal attack by the reviewer), but I've since learned that it was for my betterment, and, in clear hindsight, I confess that the harshest reviews helped me the most.

Looking Back

As I move through the middle-life of my career, I've often reflected on the diversity of professionals that I've encountered over the years. In my mind, I see a kaleidoscope of brilliant people moving in fixed patterns, and others struggling to find their place amid the display. To borrow terms from medieval days, we're surrounded by folks moving through various stages of development: from apprentice to journeyman to master.

Further segmenting these individuals are their unique balance of professional competencies and technical knowledge—some can cite chapter and verse of specific regulations but struggle to convey their expertise in a manner that convinces others to take urgent action. Similarly, there are some great communicators who can sell ice to Eskimos but struggle to clearly explain the underlying issue with sufficient detail. The charts below should help to display my thought process.

Apprentice	Journeyman	Master
Preliminary Technical Expertise (Still learning to define what they “don’t know yet”)	Competent Technical Expertise displayed daily and is eager to assist others while recognizing his/her own existing limitations	Mastered Technical Expertise with validation by other masters and shares expertise as an enthusiastic instructor
Rudimentary Professional Competencies (Struggles at times with proper form and makes mistakes that are easily corrected for the sake of learning)	Comfortable with Professional Competencies and is an encouraging or stabilizing force for professional growth to those around him/her	Demonstrates Professional Competence during each interaction with other masters to advance thought leadership and tactical applications in their trade and tactfully guides others to improve their form and function

Technical Expertise	Professional Competencies
Education/Training Certifications Training program completion Basic/advanced degree in core topics (i.e., "management,” “safety," "engineering") Basic/advanced degree in specialty area Thesis work toward PhD	Interpersonal Skills Communication skills Negotiation, perception, and adaptability Coping techniques Conflict management and resolution Persuasion skills Team building Affirmation skills Self-awareness
Thought Leadership Journal articles published Speaking engagements Mentoring of peers/direct reports Routine reading assignments of news, clip services, or RSS feeds to stay current on new and emerging topics	Communication Skills Written communication Verbal communication Electronic communication Listening skills Presentation skills Facilitation of skills for groups or meetings Tact and diplomacy Selling style and persuasion skills Body language and nonverbal messages
Management Reporting and Span of Control Profit and loss statements Financial analysis Accounting worksheets Tracking client chargebacks, staff timesheets Quality control assessments for accuracy of detail Strategic planning Management by objective crafting Measuring outcomes	Executive Development Political awareness Social awareness Vision and long-range planning Mission and strategic alignment Creative thinking Courage Crisis management Intuitive skills Leadership skills

I believe the distinction between apprentice, journeyman, and master are reasonably clear, and while various employers may disagree slightly over the fine line between each category (especially as may apply to current human-resources-imposed titles), it provides a good working structure to discuss career growth.

Likewise, people are welcome to argue with my selections used to highlight perceived differences in technical expertise and "soft skill" competencies. My aim was to show one as rooted in book learning and the other as more commonly acquired in the field or on the job by making mistakes and learning from them. It's not critical to split hairs over these—the main point is that a balance of both helps one succeed in most consultative occupations.

Urgency of Discussion? The Graying of the Workforce

Within loss control services (LCS), we have seen a decade or two where there has been diminished and sporadic investment in new trainee programs. Many safety organizations and insurers seemed content to trade professionals almost as easily as baseball teams might trade players during a season. This helped proficient professionals obtain bonuses and salary increases but didn't build any bench strength for the time when many professionals would be seeking to retire to spend time with grandchildren. Recently, a new wave of trainee classes and aggressive recruiting from colleges has blossomed to address the "graying" of the LCS workforce.

The incoming class of graduates has an appreciation of the many technical details needed to review a current safety program, or spot gaps that would undermine results, but may lack a practical understanding of how to translate that knowledge into action to produce specific reports to key constituents. Further, they may lack some of the polished panache needed to accelerate their productivity.

In short, and by no "fault" of their own, they still need to learn how to harness their technical might to get consistent, results-generating outcomes.

Developing Our Competencies: Can They Be "Fast-Tracked?"

If I can overcome knowledge gaps by going back to school for certifications, degrees, or practical content learning, is it possible to fast-track the development of competencies? I believe that there are ways to accelerate the development of professional competencies, but it's not an easy task. Local managers and peers who are at advanced stages of their careers ought to be able to mentor, coach, correct, align, and encourage apprentices (and journeymen or fledgling masters) to develop stronger people skills and tradecraft beyond their limited experience. Sometimes soft skills could be fast-tracked through workshops where the attributes are role-played in case studies. I think the reason this isn't done more often is because of the following.

• It's hard to measure outcomes objectively.
• It takes a sustained effort instead of a short classroom experience to achieve lasting results.
• Participants are unique and develop their competencies at different rates.
• Participants will likely get different results from different mentors (or workshop presenters)—taking care to get the right match will yield greater results, but there's no set formula for identifying that right match.
• Managers seem to have a hard time justifying the time and expense of workshops that are not focused on specific technical expertise.

If fast-tracking can only get us so far, we will have to continue to rely on mentoring. At issue is making the time, demonstrating the patience, finding the right ways to explain, demonstrate, guide, and enable the preferred behaviors. Simply put, we've got to find the right mentor who has the time, is willing to instruct, and can imprint "the right behaviors."

Few professionals accept the call to mentor others. It's a personal drain on their time and productivity, and there may be hidden insecurities around trying to equip a younger peer in doing their job well. Ultimately, as a mentor, I recognize that I'm training my successor, but I have to be confident that my manager isn't going to kick me to the curb if my trainee can do my job for less money.

Establishing a Culture of Enduring Legacy

The corporate (or departmental) culture will play a large role in promoting a smooth career path in practice. Consistent reinforcement of a grand vision with real benefits to clients will help people focus on how they contribute to something larger than themselves and are willing to collaborate, mentor, and partner up with others in the team to achieve that vision.

On the other hand, organizations that focus on what's 2 inches in front of their own shoes may find less cooperation from team members who are scrambling to meet deadlines and are evaluated on "personal wins" instead of "team wins."

When the apprentice-journeyman-master trail is a steady progression of learning, expanding skills, mastering competencies, and learning that effective networking is about serving others as they try to achieve their goals, then there is an opportunity to fill the pipeline with passionate professionals. Ideally, apprentices should see masters in "awe" and treat journeymen with respect since these people are responsible to teach them and to help them accelerate their growth. Hopefully, journeymen and masters can remember what it felt like to be the novice and exhibit compassion and generosity as they pursue their own career maturation.

Summary

So, where are you on your career path? Are you in an organization that invests in the next generation, or do you need to safeguard your time to meet tight deadlines? Giving back may not always be characterized as an apprentice relationship but could also include masters providing captivating presentations that summarize complex problems in simple terms and help to draw out inductive reasoning from the audience to see the problem in a new light and new solution sets. Do you believe that the LCS cadre are "graying out" (losing many professionals to retirement)? Has your team invested in new trainees or helping experienced folks make the transition into risk services? Consider dropping me a note with some feedback or launch a discussion at the IRMI group on LinkedIn.